Ian Linden - Leo XIV: Mission & Grace

The new Pope is inaugurated in St Peter's on Sunday. Then the great wave of public and media interest in the Catholic Church will subside. A few more people can now tell a pallium from a chasuble. A few more young men will no longer have to hide their admiration for the great gear worn by the Swiss Guard. And a few more detectorists will know not to look for the fisherman's ring on the beach. Decline in Europe may now be slowing.

In the conclave, the Cardinals were choosing a person not a nationality, ethnicity or ideology. The appointment of the new Pope revealed two general features: Cardinals don't leak - well, maybe the odd one did - and the experts don't get it right, a single one did mid-conclave.

The commentariat ruled out an American Pope. Leo XIV, a Peruvian citizen, presented himself in Spanish and Italian with hardly a word of English. A contrast to Pope John Paul II who had been well and truly a Polish Pope as well as a striking universal pontiff.

Leo XIV's American nationality will, though, probably pose him problems. President Trump initially has been unusually gracious. How long that lasts remains to be seen. The MAGA masses are already on the attack. Pope Francis outspokenly condemned Trump's contempt for 'losers', his treatment of immigrants and the vulnerable. His successor shares his views though likely to steer a more diplomatic course.

The crunch in relations with the Vatican will come over meeting Trump a possible invitation to the USA creating huge media interest, a request to visit the Pope a little less problematic. It is not hard to imagine how the White House would manipulate a papal visit. One way of saying 'no' to Washington would be to present declining as following Pope Francis who resisted return to his homeland Argentina. A visit to Peru would still be possible?

The new Pope's Chicago origins elicited massive and investigative interest. His two brothers must be a mixed blessing, immediately humanizing brother Bob but, you can be sure, a bit too gabby for the Vatican into the bargain. And, on cue, ambitious scribblers, religious or otherwise, joined in the 'what's he going to be like as Pope' comment. The media is stuck on conservative and progressive as two binary categories applicable to Catholic prelates. The reality is there is nothing unusual about sharing an 'option for the poor' with an option for social conservatism, or what is commonly called 'anti-woke'. You might call it normative for Francis and Leo. In that sense Pope Leo was indeed the continuity candidate for the papacy.

Papa Leone is clearly a very interesting man, as at ease talking about the impact of AI on future work as the horrors of war, the plight of migrants and climate change. No-one has really been able to pin down his personality in a paragraph or two from details of his biography. Most have missed the full significance of his having worked as a North American missionary in Latin America.

He worked in a rural area of Peru in his formative years as a young priest. Then in Peru's historic third city, Trujillo from 1988-1998 as a parish priest and Augustinian seminary teacher. In 2015 he was appointed bishop of Chiclayo, a seaside town also in the North-West where he served for eight years. All this has been publicized. What is missing is the significance of this appointment.

Three quarters of Peru's population of 34 million is, at least nominally, Catholic. As an Episcopal Conference, the country has 75 cardinals, archbishops and bishops, plus 12 titular bishops who do not serve a particular diocese. As Bishop of Chiclayo he took out Peruvian citizenship. Looking at the 75 names in the Conference, Roberto Prevost appears like the only American one. The only other American name was the papal Nuncio, the Vatican's State's ambassador in Peru.

To be recommended in 2014, an American, for a Peruvian diocese is some measure of his record as a priest. Missionary bishops are in the main a thing of the past. An American Nuncio perhaps had some anxieties as he passed on his name to Rome, though Pope Francis appointed him quickly. In many parts of Latin America, the USA's role in propping up vicious dictatorships in the past has not been forgotten. Peru had less unpleasant memories, was far from America's backyard, but also suffered from insurgency and military reaction to it. It was, typically, politically and culturally independent. And Gustavo Gutierrez's seminal Theology of Liberation: Perspectives was published in Lima, Peru's capital, in 1971. Its radical spirituality and Marxist economic analysis - of relations with the USA - caused consternation in the Vatican...

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